Microsoft Windows 10

Windows is by far the most popular operating system for desktop computers, with more than 1.3 billion active PCs running it. Microsoft has worked hard to recover from disastrous releases like Vista and Windows 8 and responded by adding state-of-the-art capabilities like touch input, a voice-based virtual assistant, face login, and mixed reality along with updated tools for more pedestrian things like taking screenshots, arranging windows, and getting notifications. The latest released version, Windows 10 October 2020 Update (aka 20H2), features a slicker Start menu, a more functional Edge web browser, and other worthwhile tweaks.

For a closer look at what’s new in the latest version, read our rundown of the major New Features in the October 2020 Update. The last few feature updates to Windows 10 have been largely incremental, and that’s to be the case with the upcoming May 2021 (21H1) update. There are, however, major interface changes coming, not only with the separate upcoming Windows X simplified version of the OS, but also with a UI refresh code-named “Sun Valley,” according to the usually reliable Windows Central site. That big update is not expected until fall 2021, however.

Keep in mind, though, that it no longer takes a big semiannual update for a juicy new feature to arrive. Case in point, the News and Interests taskbar panel is being released separately, and will appear in earlier versions as well as in 21H1. Another example is the Meet Now icon in the task bar, for creating ad-hoc video conferences.

Microsoft describes the 20H2 update as consisting of a “scoped set of features to improve performance and enhance quality.” It may not be a huge update, but this does mean that it installs quickly, with minimal fuss. Some design updates include more subdued Start menu tiles, better-labeled notifications, and smoother tablet-mode switching.

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Apple macOS Catalina

Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal Fossa)

Google Chrome OS

With the 20H2 update, the Chromium-based version of Edge becomes the built-in web browser, which not only powers the Edge browser itself but also Windows store apps that require web access. That means that both become more compatible with websites, since the underlying rendering code is the same used by Google Chrome. It’s worth noting, too, that Edge runs not only on Windows, but also on Android, iOS, macOS, and now even on Linux.

For those clinging to the no-longer-supported Windows 7 OS version, Windows 10 is an easy upgrade and doesn’t present much of a learning curve, interface-wise. If you need more convincing (as though not getting security updates isn’t enough to convince people), read our Reasons to Upgrade to Windows 10.

Earlier Windows 10 features additions still deserve attention, including Cloud Clipboard (a lifesaver if you do lots of copy-and-pasting), the powerful Snip & Sketch screenshot tool, Timeline, Focus Assist, Game mode, Dark mode, Nearby Sharing, parental controls, and an updated News app. The Your Phone app syncs photos, SMS messages, and even voice calls—from Android phones and LTE-equipped laptops. These join Windows Hello face login and other Windows exclusives. Even with all its forward-looking features, the OS remains familiar to longtime Windows users. For intrigued Apple users, I’ve compiled a list of 15 Windows tips for Mac users.

Windows 10: A Success Story

Over 1.3 billion actively used devices now run Windows 10, according to Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella in the 2021 Q3 earnings call)—that’s a massive 300 million more than the last time Microsoft put out a number a year ago. Windows as a whole claims over 75 percent of all desktops worldwide (StatCounter), and over 78 percent of those are Windows 10. By comparison, all versions of Apple’s macOS account for less than 17 percent. Linux as a whole gets about 2 percent, and Ubuntu and Chrome OS both sit below 1 percent worldwide. (Note that all these number are for internet-connected machines in use.)

The newest Windows still runs the vast majority of the millions of existing desktop programs, something competing desktop operating systems can’t boast. Yes, that means it still uses the much-derided Registry to maintain configuration settings, but on today’s fast hardware, that’s no longer much of an issue. Microsoft now recommends against using any third-party registry-optimizing software for Windows 10.

How to Get Windows 10

If you’re running Windows 10, getting the latest is a simple matter of running Windows Update, accessible from the Settings app. You should see the text “Feature Update to Windows 10, version 20H2.” For more detailed setup info, read How to Download Windows 10. If you don’t see the update in Settings > Update & Security, you can force the issue by heading to the Windows 10 Download page and running the Update Assistant app. If the update isn’t ready for your PC, the Windows Update page of Settings clearly tells you so.

Windows 10 20H2 Update is a free upgrade for current Windows 10 PC owners. It’s also preinstalled on all new Windows PCs, but if you’re coming from Windows 7 or earlier and didn’t take advantage of the entire year it was a free upgrade, you can get the software via download or on USB sticks for $139 list for Home and $199 for Pro. You can usually find less-expensive options through third-party online digital retailers.

Your data and programs come along for the ride when you update from previous Windows versions, though it’s always a good idea to back up your data before an OS upgrade. It’s better to wait for Windows Updates to automatically run the update, rather than forcing it, since Microsoft tries to validate updates for each hardware combination before auto-updating.

Starting with the May 2019 Update, Microsoft increased the minimum hard drive size requirement for Windows 10 to 32GB from 16GB for new installations—still hardly massive by today’s hardware standards. The other system requirements remain surprisingly low: a 1GHz processor, 1GB of RAM. The 64-bit version of Windows 10 increases the RAM requirement to 2GB. You’ll also need a DirectX 9-capable graphics card and a display with at least 800-by-600 resolution.

Windows 10 is available to most users in just two editions: Home and Pro, with 32-bit and 64-bit options for each, though Microsoft is phasing out 32-bit versions. Windows 10 Pro adds business-oriented things like network domain joining, Hyper-V virtualization, group policy management, and BitLocker encryption. That last one may be of interest to security-conscious personal users, too.

There are, of course, other editions of Windows 10 for special use cases: The Enterprise version of Windows 10 is still an option for large organizations that want bulk licensing deals. Two Education versions target K-12 institutions: Windows 10 Pro Education and Windows 10 Education. And let’s not forget the lightweight edition that powers Internet of Things devices and the Raspberry Pi: Windows 10 IoT Core.

The Windows 10 Interface

Windows 10 presents almost no learning curve for longtime Windows users, while managing to incorporate many of the advances of Windows 8—faster startup, tablet capability, better notifications, and an app store. Its windowing prowess remains unmatched, letting you easily show the desktop and snap windows to the sides and corner quadrants of the screen.

The Start menu is a differentiator from both macOS and Ubuntu, which have no centralized place for the user to start working with apps, files, search, and settings. Chrome OS has a Launcher tool, but that’s not as far-reaching as Windows’ Start menu. Another differentiator is that programs have their own menus, rather than using the operating system menus along the top of the screen as macOS and Ubuntu do.

Fluent Design, Microsoft’s newish design language that uses translucency, blurring, and animation to give helpful visual cues, asserts itself more with each update. One fun Fluent effect is called Acrylic Material, which gives elements like menu bars a semi-transparent look and the appearance of depth when the mouse is over them. It now extends to nearly all Windows utilities, including the Start menu, Settings dialog, and Action Center. At Build 2020, Microsoft made Fluent open-source, so third-partly developers can use it in their apps, too.

The search box next to the start menu was a big focus for the May 2020 Update. It’s no longer tied to Cortana with the AI’s icon attached, and it lets you search both your own local files (including any text within them) and those stored on OneDrive or in your corporate SharePoint servers. The search panel now has quick search buttons for weather, news, today in history, and top movies. The back end of desktop search has also received developer attention: It uses a new algorithm to determine when it should and shouldn’t perform its intensive indexing functions.

Windows dark theme takes effect in the Start menu, Taskbar, as well as 23 included apps, though it still doesn’t apply to old-style Control Panels. And the new version of Edge can now abide by the system setting for light and dark mode. Another eye-saver I appreciate is Night Light, which reduces blue light to let you get to sleep easier, though by now all major OSes include a similar feature. The OS also has a true Light Mode, along with redesigned, more-colorful icons.

The Start menu shows the All Apps list without a second button press, and it also shows most used and newly installed apps. You can set basic folder icons to appear, or not, as you choose. So, for example, you can have icons for File Explorer, Downloads, Documents, and so on appear right above the start button. The tiles left over from Windows 8 are still there, though you can turn them off. I find them useful for quickly opening my most-used apps.

Another interface feature I’ve come to cherish is File Explorer’s Quick Access section. This lets you easily find whatever file you were last working on regardless of the application you were using. So, if you edit an image and want to add it to another app, it’s right at the top of the Quick Access list. You never have to remember where you just saved a file to find it quickly. One thing File Explorer lacks is tabbed windows, which both macOS and Linux have.

Unfortunately, design differences between the Settings App and Control Panel remain, though the story is continually improving. For most system settings you use the Settings app, but for deep, technical system options, you still occasionally have to go to the Control Panel. Though you can get to deeper settings like Device Manager and Disk Management by right-clicking the Start button, Control Panel’s no longer an option there. Instead, you see it when you perform certain actions like trying to uninstall a legacy program.

You can still open Control Panel by simply typing “Control” in the Start menu search bar. At this point, most settings that most users need are in the newer Settings app, but techies still see the old-design control panels. Microsoft continues to move even geeky settings from Control Panel to Settings, however, with Disk Management making the move in an upcoming release.

Another feature that uses the older interface language, Disk Cleanup, is being replaced by Storage Sense in the new Settings interface. The feature automatically removes temp files and downloaded installers. You can run it on-demand using the Clean Now button, have it run automatically when your storage gets low, or set it to run on a schedule.

Timeline

This feature takes over the Task View, adding the elements of time, showing your activities over the past 30 days. It could indeed save time if you’ve been working in Office 365 or browsing in Edge, but it’s mostly for use with UWP and Microsoft apps at this point. A plus is that, if you are using the Microsoft Launcher on your Android phone, you also see activity from that.

At first, I objected to the feature’s combining with the Task View for multiple virtual displays but have come to the conclusion that it’s clearly designed and well implemented. You can see currently running tasks at the top, and the Timeline entries below that. You can even search for your earlier activity. Recently, Microsoft released a Chrome extension that adds activity from Google’s browser to your Windows 10 Timeline. I’ve been using a Firefox extension that does the same thing for several months.

Cloud Clipboard

One of my favorite recent features in Windows 10 is the revamped Windows clipboard lets you access several previously copied items—a convenience that’s long overdue on all computing platforms. You access the list of copied items using Windows Key-V instead of Ctrl-V. Syncing the cloud clipboard means that they’re accessible on other PCs you’re signed in to, and later this will extend to phones via the SwiftKey add-in keyboard. You turn on Cloud Clipboard in a new Settings option. Note that according to Microsoft, “currently, the clipboard history supports plain text, HTML and images less than 1MB.”

Related to the clipboard are very convenient new Windows 10 screenshot capabilities. You can now hit Windows key-Shift-S to select a section of the screen that will be sent to the clipboard. Your selection can be a rectangle, a free-form shape, or the full screen. You can also take a screenshot that exactly fits a window on-screen, too. When you snap a screenshot with Windows Key-Shift-S, a panel appears in the lower-right corner of the screen offering the option to open the image in the new app. Tap this, and the Snip & Sketch utility opens.

The new Snip & Sketch app lets you mark up and share your snipping—it even lets you clip a non-rectangular shape and draw circle sections with a protractor. You can crop screenshots, but there’s unfortunately no aspect ratio option in the crop tool—so you can’t designate a square or standard widescreen (16-by-9) crop. Nor are there basic image adjusters for things like brightness and color or a text tool like that in macOS’s screenshot editor. Fortunately, you can open your screenshot in another image-editing app directly from Snip & Sketch from the overflow menu.

Another especially useful screenshot feature ties in with OneDrive, which you can set to store images when you tap the PrintScreen key for full screen capture or Alt-PrintScreen for the window in focus. This saves you the steps of going from the clipboard to image file saving in some image editor, such as Paint. For a full rundown on this frequently needed function, read How to Take Screenshots in Windows 10.

The Mobile Connection

The Settings app includes a Phone section, which lets you integrate your Android or iOS device with your PC. The Continue on PC app lets any browser on iOS or Android open a webpage immediately on a Windows 10 PC, or to create a notification in the Action Center with the link. For tips on how to get started with this feature, read Sync Your Smartphone to Windows 10 With Continue on PC.

And that’s just the start. Using the iOS or Android version of the Edge browser provides even more integration. The next step, Your Phone, is the topic of my next section.

Your Phone App

The Your Phone app lets you see and even drag-and-drop photos from your phone, see notifications from, do SMS text messaging and make calls on a connected phone from the PC. You enable these by installing the Your Phone Companion app on the mobile. The catch is that this only works with Android, for now. Microsoft is working with Apple to try to get the same integration on iPhones, but I wouldn’t hold my breath, given the tight grip Apple keeps on its platforms.

Though it’s most powerful with Samsung phones (which means most Android phones) Your Phone does a terrific job of quickly showing photos and screenshots you’ve captured on the phone, showing notifications (which appear in Action Center), and letting you text and call. Soon, with the 20H2 Windows 10 update, it will allow Samsung Android users to work with apps from their phone on their big screen PC.

Next up is access to your Timeline from the phone. This is available in preview, which you can enable on the Play Store’s entry for the Microsoft Launcher. Microsoft’s goal with all this is to make your mobile devices smarter by tapping into its cloud services, using what the company calls the Microsoft Graph. This includes data from Office 365, LinkedIn, and that gathered by its Bing search service, which crawls the entire web.

Mobile-connected PCs are also an option, with new models powered by Qualcomm CPUs as the latest examples. For these, Windows includes Messaging and Mobile Plans apps.

More for Photos

The included Photos app is not only a decent photo editor, but it also edits videos and supports mixed reality objects. It’s dressed in the slick Fluent Design System look, with a translucent window. It also has an AI-powered search function, which means you can type things like “dog” or “mountain” and see results containing those items in your photo collection.

Photos lets you import media from any device or folder, and can display raw camera files from popular formats like Canon’s .CR2, Nikon’s .NEF, and Sony’s .ARW. (For the latest raw support, you need to install the Raw Image Extension, available in Windows’ app store) You can organize your photos into albums, apply automatic photo editing fixes like red-eye correction, lighting, and color, as well as add Instagram-like filters. The app’s interface uses slider bars for easy touch input, and lets you draw on photos and videos.

Photos creates automatic galleries for you based on photos taken at a similar time and place, picking the best of similar photos to include. Its face-recognition and can group all the shots of one person, and finally lets you associate names with the faces.

Video Editing in the Photos App

To automatically create a video with the option to Remix it, tap the Create button and then choose Automatic video with music. From an individual image’s Edit & Create button, you can choose Create a video with music. This lets you select two or more photos or clips and join them, apply titles, crops, filter effects and add fitting background music and titles. When I created a movie based on a recent weekend trip, the video’s recipients were impressed with the results.

The video editing interface is storyboard based, meaning it doesn’t use timeline tracks. You can drag the thumbnails back and forward in the sequence to reorder them, and you can trim individual video clips. A very cool extra is that you can apply 3D effects, and even anchor them to an object in your video with motion tracking. You can use the included mood music or your own tracks. If you choose the former, transitions are timed to the beats.

In the automatic video choice, you can designate someone in your video as the Star. The program identifies faces in the video clips and photos, and it lets you choose one to highlight. It then creates a video in which that person is the most important element.

Cortana Tricks

Cortana, Windows’ voice-responsive AI digital assistant, is one of Windows 10’s highest-profile features. The intelligent voice assistant predates Apple’s Siri on the Mac by over a year. For the May 2020 Update, Cortana has been significantly redesigned. It now works in a conversational chat-like format, and you can move its results panel around on the screen and resize the window to taste. It can also perform system settings like decreasing brightness.

For over a year, Microsoft has stated that it doesn’t see Cortana as an Amazon Alexa competitor, but instead as a productivity tool. The May 2020 update removes support for voice control of smart home devices and music streaming services. You can still ask it general information and weather, set reminders, check your calendar, and create to-do lists. It sets alarms and timers, opens apps, adjusts settings, and can still tell you a joke.

Microsoft had already started focusing and trimming down the feature: It’s been separated from the Windows search bar. I appreciate that it accepts typed input as well as spoken: The macOS’s Siri is voice-only.

Cortana Reminders is also a share target, accessible from the share button in a Universal Windows app. For example, if you’re in the Edge web browser, you can hit the Share button, choose Cortana Reminders, and attach the site URL to the reminder. If you do this from the Photos app, the picture is included in the reminder.

Cortana can scan your Outlook.com or Office 365 email for phrases like “I’ll get you the report by the end of the day,” and suggest a reminder. This, the wake word functionality, and Cortana itself is completely opt-in, should you have privacy concerns. Business users, many of whom are Microsoft 365 customers, will get even more integrations with Cortana.

Windows Ink

Touch and pen input support is a major differentiator between Windows 10 and Apple’s macOS. Apple sticks with Steve Job’s edict that touch screens don’t make sense on laptops and desktops, but a touch screen is the most intuitive interface type possible. You see something you want to interact with, such as a button, and you can press it with your finger. Chrome OS supports both touch and stylus input, though that support is not as far-reaching through the operating system as it is in Windows 10.

In using a Surface Book and an Asus Zen AiO Pro Z240IC all-in-one PC (both of which have touch screens) for the past year or so, I’ve gotten to the point of trying to tap buttons on computers with non-touch screens out of habit. Ubuntu offers some touch support, but it can be hit-or-miss based on the hardware and software you’re running.

Windows’ digital ink capabilities allow stylus input to work just like a pen or pencil, converting it to text. This is a technologically cool feature, but it will only be of interest to owners of tablets and convertibles like the Surface Pro($709.99 at Amazon), the Surface Book, or the Surface Go.

The Ink Workspace can be summoned by clicking a stylus button. It’s been pared down in recent Windows versions. Now, when you click the stylus button, you only see two options: Whiteboard and Full Screen Snip. You can still use Sticky Notes, but Sketchpad has been retired.

One of the coolest inking capabilities is the pen keyboard. You switch to this mode from the standard on-screen keyboard (or by tapping in a text box with the stylus point). Start writing on the line there, and text predictions show up. Hit Enter, and your writing turns into text in whatever text area you’re writing in. It does surprisingly well with even poor penmanship, and striking through your writing deletes it easily.

For comparison, since Apple’s macOS doesn’t support pen input directly, the company has a clever strategy in macOS Catalina: Let Mac owners use their iPad for pen and touch input. The system will send the input from the iPad directly to the Mac. Of course, you have to shelling out several hundred dollars for a separate touch-capable device, and it’s more of a second screen than a full touch surface, with input limited to apps designed to work with it.

On-Screen Keyboard

Aside from pen input in the on-screen keyboard, you can swipe text on touch-screen PCs, à la the mobile SwiftKey keyboard. In fact, the same machine-learning SwiftKey technology appears in the Windows version of the on-screen touch keyboard, meaning it can learn your writing style and vocabulary.

If you want to type without touching anything, the on-screen keyboard shows a microphone, invoked with Windows Key–H (for hear) lets you use voice dictation in anything on your PC that accepts text input.

Nearby Sharing

Apple has long offered a way to get photos and other content to a nearby iPhone or Mac, with AirDrop. Now Windows 10’s Nearby Sharing feature lets us Windows users do the same. The feature uses Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, and you have to enable it. That’s easy, since the option to do so appears the first time you use any app’s Share button. As with AirPlay, when you send something, a notification pops up on the recipient’s device.

Edge Web Browser Gets Sharper

For better website compatibility Microsoft has entirely revamped the Edge web browser, using the Chromium rendering engine underneath. Users can go to Microsoft’s Edge Download page to get it. The browser is being rolled out to all users via Windows Update. It will continue to offer unique features, with powerful privacy options, home-page customizations, an immersive reading view with lifelike voices for text-to-speech, and a nifty Collections feature for web research leading the way.

For a look at Microsoft’s future plans for the web browser, read What’s New in Microsoft’s Edge Browser.

The move should result in more site compatibility, but I’m concerned that it will further consolidate Google’s ownership of the Internet, since the search ad giant controls the Chromium project. One side-benefit to Microsoft’s decision is that it plans to offer Edge for macOS and older Windows versions as well as Windows 10. A Linux version is also planned.

Edge continues to support for 4K UHD Netflix streaming. Microsoft finally restored some of the unique tools of the original Edge, like a right-click search panel for selected text (saving you from opening a new tab to do a quick search) and the ability to customize toolbar buttons in the top window border.

The browser can silence noisy tabs with a click on the speaker icon that appears in any tab issuing sound. You can also silence auto-play videos and music. Edge will autofill online payment forms with secure information, print webpages without all the unessential clutter, and display PDFs in full screen.

Edge’s Extensions menu option links to the new web-based Windows app store, from which you can get Edge extensions. I tested by installing one I consider essential—LastPass. Happily, some strong privacy and ad-blocking extensions are available, including AdGuard and uBlock Origin. (AdBlock and Adblock Plus are also in the store, but I find those less effective.) You can also install Chrome extensions in Edge by allowing the Chrome Web Store.

Tablet and touch-screen users will appreciate Edge’s swipe gestures, which let you go back and forth in history, and desktop users will appreciate that right-clicking the back button drops down tab history, as most browsers do. I also appreciate that Edge, like other browsers, offers paste-and-go and paste-and-search options.

Drawbacks include less interface customization than you get in Firefox, and I still run into some occasional site misrendering (particularly on the site you’re currently reading).

Action Center

A Windows 10 feature with roots in mobile operating systems is the Action Center. While previous versions of Windows included something also called Action Center, this one is more like a smartphone’s notifications plus quick action features. In fact, that’s exactly what it is. For the 20H2 Update, notifications now sport the icon of the app that generated them, making them more skimmable.

The Windows 10 Action Center, similar to Apple macOS’s Notification Center, keeps those messages available in a right-side panel. You open Windows 10’s Action Center panel from a taskbar button, or on touch screens with a swipe in from the right edge of the screen.

The panel also offers buttons for frequently needed functions like power, settings, networking, and screen brightness and rotation. A slider in Action Center lets you lower and raise the screen brightness. The Connect action is pretty neat: It lets you project your screen onto another one on your Wi-Fi network. I was able to display my Surface Pro’s screen on a big Samsung TV with no setup aside from choosing OK on the TV—pretty nifty.

Focus Assist

Focus Assist is accessible by right-clicking on the Action Center icon or by using its Quick Action button. You can set it to allow Priority contacts to get through to you, or to only let alarms work. In the Settings app, you designate who can break through and specify times you want focus. You can even enable the feature while you’re gaming on your PC.

Store and Universal Windows Apps

Why do you need an app store on your PC? Mac users have had one for several years, and it offers the advantages of automatic updating and a single source for finding programs you need. It gives you access on all your PCs to apps you’ve bought. Acceptance to the Windows Store also means an app has been vetted by Microsoft for security. You can even install apps to external memory—something tablet users can appreciate.

For Windows 10, there are even more advantages for these modern apps: They can tie in with the notifications and share panels. For example, if you use the Facebook app rather than going to the Facebook website, you can see notifications for new messages and you can send shareable content via the app.

Windows 10 Store apps are called Universal Windows Platform (UWP) apps, meaning they can run on desktops, tablets, phones, the Surface Hub, and eventually on the Xbox and Microsoft HoloLens 3D augmented-reality headset. Modern Microsoft Store apps (aka UWP—Universal Windows Apps) don’t come with any Registry baggage.

That’s partly why Microsoft delivered Windows 10 S (now considered a Mode rather than a separate OS version), which only runs Windows Store apps. According to the official Windows Blog, going forward, “customers can choose to buy a new Windows 10 Home or Windows 10 Pro PC with S mode enabled, and commercial customers will be able to deploy Windows 10 Enterprise with S mode enabled.”

Underneath these apps is Windows 10’s OneCore platform, a common base that underlies all these device types and allows not only apps, but also device drivers to work with them. UWP apps have one final benefit: They run within containers so that they don’t mess with the rest of your system.

Included Apps—Office Mobile, Mail, Calendar

You get a surprisingly full kit of apps with Windows 10. Utilities like Calculator, Camera, Paint 3D, and Voice Recorder are joined by information apps like Maps, News, and Weather. In all, I counted 23 such stock apps and utilities. News has a clean design, customizable topics and sources, and a nifty dark view. The Windows app also syncs with matching mobile versions for iOS and Android. As mentioned above, with the May 2019 Update, you can now uninstall 17 of these apps that used to be mandatory. Not everyone needs the Print 3D app taking up system space. Also arriving with that update are new Notepad options and shortcuts.

The included Mail app is getting smarter, with things like Focused Inbox. This is a great feature that’s already implemented in the Outlook for iPhone and Android apps. It filters out all the newsletters and promotions, and only shows you mail from those with whom you regularly correspond, or that is in some other way deemed important by the service. You can of course still see everything else at the tap of a tab and turn off this focusing for mail you don’t want it.

The Mail app lets you use @ signs in an email body to add them to the conversation. Still, the app isn’t as powerful as the Office 365 desktop version and some glitches persist. Microsoft is expected to replace this stock app with a web-powered one that will work across Mac and Windows, with reported work on what’s code-named Project Monarch. This will take advantage of the Outlook.com web app, which I now prefer to the stock mail app, in part because it lets me use the Focused Inbox feature with Gmail accounts.

The Mail app is integrated with Calendar and Contact apps, available from buttons along the bottom of Mail. Calendar does a presentable job of handling multiple calendars, appointments, and views. The Calendar includes color-coding for event categories, public calendar subscriptions for shows and sports, and cards for deliveries and travel reservations. The cards for travel reservations even have links to online check-in services. Unfortunately, you still cannot create mailing groups in Mail or People and cannot export contacts from the People app.

The Groove Music app can play music sitting on your hard drive or in your OneDrive cloud storage. Impressively, Groove can play FLAC lossless audio, and even includes an equalizer.

Another included app is Movies & TV, which also offers a content store as well as the ability to play your own videos. The Compact Overlay option lets you have a small, always-on-top window showing video while you do other things on your PC.

You still get lots of utility-type apps, too, including a scanner app, alarms, and a voice recorder.

The impressive Maps app lets you use Windows Ink to mark up a map using a stylus or your finger on a touch-screen PC. But that’s not all: You can calculate the distance of a line you draw on a map and get directions for any two points you tap. If you don’t have a touch screen, the same functionality is possible with a mouse. You can also use a virtual on-screen ruler to make your lines straight. The app has tabs for multiple location searches and directions.

For basic image editing, that old standby, Paint, moves to the Windows Store. Its replacement, the Paint 3D, is the default. Not only does it let you create, customize, and decorate 3D objects, but you can also share them with the Remix3D.com online community. You can even show your 3D creations mixed with real-world backgrounds using the PC’s camera. 2D image editing isn’t forgotten in the app, despite the name; it slickly handles standard JPG, PNG, and TIFF editing.

The 3D Viewer (formerly called Mixed Reality Viewer) is an included app that will play a central role in Microsoft’s VR strategy along with HoloLens and lower-cost headsets. Along with that, the viewer app can show your 3D creations as part of the real world, using your webcam. You can even anchor an object to a surface, such as your shoulder!

For the techies, an updated Terminal app is now available. According to a Microsoft blog, “Windows Terminal is a new, modern, fast, efficient, powerful, and productive terminal application for users of command-line tools and shells like Command Prompt, PowerShell, and WSL.” You can get the app from the Microsoft Store app store.

OneDrive and Skype

Two of Microsoft’s cloud services—OneDrive for online storage and syncing and Skype for communication—play an increasingly prominent role in Windows 10. There’s an important distinction between these and Apple’s analogous iCloud for macOS: They can be used on any platform. There are Skype and OneDrive apps for Macs, Androids, and iOS devices, as well as for Windows devices.

OneDrive Files On-Demand spares you from downloading everything to all PCs in your account; instead, the OneDrive folder shows everything, but files that are only in the cloud show a cloud icon in the status column in File Explorer. While OneDrive does a great job syncing Office documents and personalization settings, and Skype is a very rich communication tool, there’s still some work for Microsoft to do in integrating them with Windows 10. You can finally share from Photos to OneDrive, but only if you install the OneDrive UWP app. OneDrive still boasts the very useful Fetch capability: If you enable this, you can browse any folders remotely form OneDrive’s web interface.

OneDrive lets you back up and sync the Desktop, Documents, and Photos user folders automatically. You still can’t designate any folder on the system for backup, as you can with Google Drive or SugarSync, but those folders contain most of what people want to protect. OneDrive’s new Personal Vault feature rolled out to all users in October 2019. It uses strong encryption to safeguard your most sensitive files. You need to authenticate your account to open the folder. According to Microsoft’s post, “Personal Vault adds to the robust privacy and security that OneDrive currently offers, including file encryption at rest and in transit, suspicious activity monitoring, ransomware detection and recovery, mass file deletion notification and recovery, virus scanning on download for known threats, and version history for all file types.”

The Windows Skype app is finally fully baked. You can directly reply to Skype messages inside Action Center, which happily saves you from opening yet another app. Windows has the potential for parity with macOS’s Messaging and FaceTime apps, but it’s not there yet. The Mac solution is still more seamless, but Windows 10 is getting closer, with an SMS relay option for Android via the Your Phone companion app. Also keep in mind that Skype is a full, standalone VoIP solution that can call standard phones, while the Mac is just hooking into the iPhone’s mobile connection and requires proximity of the phone. Like OneDrive, Skype works on all major platforms, not just one.

With the need for video meetings that drove the ascent of Zoom, Skype now offers ad-hoc group video calls with the Meet Now feature. A recent Windows 10 update even added a Meet Now button to the task bar to get you started. The button even showed up on a PC still running the October 2019 Update version of Windows 10 for me.

Tablet Mode

Tablet mode is a trimmed down, more touch-friendly version of the OS, with a full-screen tile-based Start screen. After you pull off the keyboard from a tablet, such as the Surface Pro, or convert a convertible laptop to tablet mode (often by bending the screen backwards), Windows pops up a message asking if you want to switch to Tablet mode, in which the Start menu and modern apps become full-screen.

Touch gestures like closing an app by swiping down from the top of the screen work in this mode, and the All Apps view stretches across the screen with large tiles so it’s easier to get to any app. Personally, I find using tablet mode on a Surface Go seamless. Swiping in from the sides to get the Start menu and Action Center is especially convenient, as are the big tiles to start apps.

Gaming in Windows 10

Gaming is one area where Windows is miles ahead of macOS or Ubuntu. And Microsoft continues to make the Window 10 proposition sweeter for gamers. The Xbox app for Windows 10 not only lets them see an activity feed, but it also includes game DVR and can even stream games from an Xbox One to the PC. You can also stream games publicly on Microsoft’s Twitch competitor, Mixer.com.

The Xbox and Windows 10 Stores have been unified, and the Play Anywhere initiative means you can buy games for one platform and play them either on the console or the PC. Game progress stays in sync between platforms. Play Anywhere games have begun to appear, and the list has grown since I last checked, now at 44 titles with 5 more “coming soon.” Notable entries are Gears of War 4, Forza Horizon 4, Killer Instinct, ReCore, and Resident Evil. You can keep up with the list on the Xbox Play Anywhere page.

If you’re more of a VR game and Steam person, Mixed Reality for Steam VR is now fully released. You now have two home bases for your Mixed Reality virtual environments: SkyLoft joins Cliff House as an option. There are more than 2,000 VR titles in the Steam VR library, and you now have a half dozen mixed reality headsets to choose from, from the likes of Samsung, Acer, and Dell.

Beyond the Xbox app, Windows 10’s 3D video engine is DirectX 12, which, according to some game developers, could open up a whole new level of realism to games. And Windows 10 lets you turn off VSync and instead enable AMD’s Freesync and Nvidia’s G-Sync in Universal Windows Platform (UWP) games and apps. The same update also unlocked frame rates for UWP games. You can read more about what Freesync, G-Sync and unlocked frame rates mean for Windows 10 on our sister site, Extreme Tech.

Windows continues to add support for DirectX ray tracing, a capability found in recent Nvidia graphics cards. This allows for real-time calculation of shadows and reflections, for more performant and realistic game scenes.

The Windows 10 Game Bar (invoked with Windows key-G) lets you enter Game Mode on demand, start streaming to Mixer.com, and DVR recording, and use audio controls. It’s now a full-fledged app that you can also launch from the Start menu. With the May 2020 Update, the Game Bar can show an FPS counter and achievement overlays.

The OS’s Game Mode moves system resources away from background tasks towards the game you’re playing. You can also control this and other gaming features in the dedicated Gaming section of Settings. The game-broadcasting capability of Mixer.com boasts sub-1-second latency, for much tighter communication with your audience. It also lets users create their own Arena gamer tournaments on Xbox Live, in support of the burgeoning esports craze.

Not sure which game to play? Choose some from the group of first-rate titles in our Best PC Games feature.

Security and Privacy

When setting up a Windows 10 account, you can set up a local account without the need for a Microsoft account, but you lose many of the OS’s best features if you do so. Many critics have nevertheless called out Microsoft for harvesting usage data by default, so the company has clarified privacy choices at setup. Moreover, a Privacy Dashboard lets you see and manage any data saved in your Microsoft account. For details, read Windows 10: How to Protect Your Privacy.

The October 2018 Update renamed the Windows Defender Security Center to simply Windows Security. It also gets an added page showing third-party security software you’ve installed, made the Current Threats section more accessible, and lets you allow apps to access controlled folders (part of the system’s ransomware protection).

The built-in antivirus in Windows 10 have greatly improved over the last few versions, even getting full marks on the latest AV-Test evaluations. Nevertheless, PCMag’s security guru, Neil J. Rubenking, still recommends third-party security software for optimal protection, since it deals with more than just viruses.

IT staff can benefit from Windows 10’s enhanced Windows Defender Advanced Threat Protection (Windows Defender ATP), which prevents and monitors new indicators of attacks. For consumers, the Security Settings panel offers an option for protection against ransomware, with the Controlled folder access option. It also includes exploit protection, with features like Data Execution Prevention and Mandatory ASLR, both of which are beyond our scope here.

Windows Defender Application Guard protection is available to Windows 10 commercial and educational users; this can stave off even sophisticated, targeted attacks. Windows Defender can schedule regular system scans and shows notifications about threats. As of the latest update, right-clicking Defender’s system tray icon offers options to scan for viruses, update virus definitions, and more.

The Dynamic Lock feature lets you log off based on the proximity of your Bluetooth-paired smartphone, using Dynamic Lock. I tried this with a Surface Book and my iPhone X. After I walked about 50 paces away, sure enough, the Surface switched to lock-screen mode. This is a security feature, since it only logs you off when you’re away, not on when you come near.

Like Firefox, Edge now blocks Flash from running unless you green-light it by tapping a puzzle-piece icon. You can choose to always allow Flash, too, but why not take advantage of that extra measure of protection?

You can also enhance your privacy and security by installing VPN software. This encrypts your data and hides your IP address from intruders. It also prevents your own internet service provider from collecting your browsing data to profile you. For instructions on how to set up a VPN, see How to Set Up and Use a VPN.

Parental control in Windows 10 benefits from recent updates. Family settings like site blocking now take effect across Windows, Xbox, and mobile Microsoft apps such as its Android Launcher and Edge browser. The tools also let parents limit spending on the Xbox and Windows stores, as well as restrict and monitor screen time. With Microsoft 365, parental control now spans mobile phones as well as computers.

Linux Inside

With the May 2020 Update, Windows 10 comes with a complete Linux kernel inside, with WSL 2 (Windows Subsystem for Linux). In an exciting development, the Linux subsystem can now run apps with graphical interfaces, though it’s still mostly of interest to developers. You can install Linux distros from the Microsoft Store. The new version of WSL is significantly faster than its predecessor, and it also supports GPU processing.

Windows Hello

Windows Hello biometric authentication is supported on PCs equipped with a 3D and IR camera like the Intel RealSense devices. You can also use third-party biometric login devices, such as the Eidon Mini fingerprint reader, and a wristband from Nymi that identifies you by your unique heartbeat signature. One device I’ve had excellent Hello success with is the Logitech Brio 4K webcam. With the latest update, you can set up Hello from the lock screen.

On the software side, Windows Universal Apps and websites you browse in Edge can also use Hello for authentication, similar to identifying yourself on an iPhone or Apple Watch with Apple’s TouchID. Apps that support Hello include Dropbox and iHeartRadio.

What’s Next for Windows 10?

Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella has presented a vision for a modern, person-centric OS that overleaps the bounds of traditional PCs. It seems to be a service-based, always-connected platform relying on the company’s Azure cloud and AI computing platform. At present, it’s at the vision phase. There’s also been a lot of talk among Windows watchers about “Windows Lite” and “Windows Core.” These are purportedly upcoming slimmed down and modular versions of the OS, respectively. Microsoft itself has been mum on these developments.

A radical new Windows offering, Windows 10X, will run on two-screen devices like the upcoming Surface Neo, as well as devices from ASUS, Dell, HP, and Lenovo. The Neo is on hold, but Windows 10X will work not only with two-screen experiences, but also provide a simpler interface to compete with Chrome OS. Microsoft is also reportedly devising an intriguing new cloud-based app streaming service for the new OS, and even a cloud hosted version of the OS itself.

Speaking of Chrome OS, which can run Android apps, Microsoft watcher Zac Bowden reports that the company is working on Project Latte, which will let Windows run Android apps, too. In my experience, running Android apps on Chrome OS is an inconsistent experience—to put it diplomatically—so don’t expect a perfect experience doing so on Windows.

Aside from Windows 10X, it’s reported that Microsoft has big interface updates planned for the main branch of the OS, with work on a project codenamed Sun Valley, as mentioned earlier. This is expected to modernize the Start menu, File Explorer, and Action Center with more Fluent design elements. Recently the company announced a new set of Fluent icons as well as an updated News and Interests panel that links to a web news portal complete with Like buttons for stories, which is already starting to roll out to users. The default (and glitchy) Mail client is also expected to be revamped with a web-powered version, with work progressing on a project code-named Monarch which has that as its goal.

If you’re interested in what the future holds for Windows, you can join the Windows Insider Program and experience the features coming to future updates months before they’re released. You can sign up for the Dev, Beta, or Release Preview channel, in order of increasing stability. This Flight Hub page tells you exactly what features are included in each channel.

Because of Windows 10’s software-as-a-service approach, new features occasionally show up in between the major updates, so features can show up when they’re ready, even if it’s between major releases. Good examples to date have included Fluent Design’s appearance in several stock apps, updated Family controls, new Photos app features, and new default program icons.

Windows of Opportunity

Whether you’re using your voice with Cortana, gesturing on a touch screen, writing with a digital pen, building a 3D model, or playing a AAA PC game, Windows 10 offers a wealth of choices. The platform offers the most form factors, too, from the tiny Raspberry Pi to massive gaming PCs to the large Surface Studio to the giant Surface Hub. Add to those completely new Windows devices like HoloLens and Mixed Reality headsets. Windows 10’s only device weakness is the defunct Windows Mobile ecosystem, though there are more and more integrations available for iOS and (especially) Android devices, including the Your Phone app, along with Edge, Office, OneDrive, and Skype mobile apps for those platforms.

Windows 10 is familiar, innovative, and adaptable to the size and capabilities of the hardware on which it’s running. Because it manages to include so much exciting new technology while remaining familiar and intuitive, Windows 10 earns PCMag’s Editors’ Choice award, an honor it shares with the polished and impressive macOS. For a comparison of the two, you can read macOS vs. Windows: Which OS Is Best?

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